Health drinks Essay Example for Free

health drinks EssayIn India Con resumeers behavior towards purchase of sustenance drink products like boozing be changing payable to economic and mortalal factors. Once if we compare last five years the prices of drinking products, it could be noted that there is an increase. The major reasons for the increase in the gross revenue of food drinks are due to the increased consumption take aim among the customers. On an average an individual would cod these products two to three times in a day.Moreover, the prices were also designed in such a vogue by the manufacturers making it possible so that every consumer from different segment based on their demographic and geographical patterns could be able to make the purchase. In effect it captures the consumers at large to opt for non-branded and cheap products that are available in the marketplace. This nominate was undertaken with an object to identify the pattern of purchase by the consumers, factors that dominate and influ ence the consumers to purchase the products and lastly the daze of demographic factors on the purchase of health food drinks consumption in the tuition area.The study clearly shows that demographic factors like gender, place of purchase are largely influence the consumers while they purchase beverage products in the shops. Clanging consumerism is the biggest factor that plays a major role as for as consumers purchase behavior is concern. KEYWORDS Health Food and Soft Drinks, Demographic Factors, secure, Beverages, Consumer Behaviour, Corporate, Leverage, Consumerism, Consumption. creative activity Changing consumer behaviour is the biggest challenge for any corporate beverage companies especially for companies like Tata, ITC etc. This is mainly due factors that influence the consumers while purchasing beverage products.For instance, factors such as offers, discount etc. , often increase the purchase. Health food drink products like beverages (hot and cold) are major items that consumer purchase as they consume beverage products not less than two to three times a day. According to the consumers demographic factors like grammatical gender, Age, Educational Status, Marital Status, Occupation, Domicile, and Shopping Destinations often influence consumers while purchasing health food drink products. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The study aims to find the customer preferences towards health food drink products.It has been carried out for finis of 2 months focusing all type of consumers. It was restricted to culture regarding the demographic profile of the consumers and questions regarding four Ps of marketing tools. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH To understand the general purchase pattern of the beverages by the consumers. To identify the level of influence various factor dominate the consumers. To have an insight about prepurchase behavior of consumers. To understand the impact of demographic factors of consumers upon purchase beverage products.RESEARCH DESIGN A Research des ign is process of collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economic aspect involved in mind. A Research is purely and simply the framework and a excogitate for the study that guides the collection and analysis of data. It is a blue print followed in completing a study which contains the steps as Research is an art of scientific investigation. Research is a process of systemic study. Research is a search of knowledge. Research is an area of investigation which includes collection, analysis and interpretation of data.Research has to proceed consistently in the already planned direction with the help of a number of steps in sequence. To make the research systemized the researcher has to adopt certain method actings. The method adopted by the researcher for completing the project is called Research Methodology. info COLLECTION METHODOLOGY AND Data refers to information or facts. It is not only refers quantitative figures but also include descriptive facts.The method of data collection includes two types for the study, such as primary data and secondary data. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION METHOD The primary was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire directly from consumers through personal interview.The questionnaire contains questions that suit the objectives of the study. The questions will help to draw the information A Study On Consumers purchase Habits Towards Health Food Drink Products In Salem District Tamilnadu Mr. P. Arun relating to purchase pattern of beverage products by the consumers. The primary quill data was collected with a set of specific objective to assess the current status of variables considered for the study. Primary data is useful and applicable only for a specific time. and previous reports, magazines, sales vouchers etc.DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION MULTI-DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS METHODS OF PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION The performance of buying behaviour var ies by the different stages of influence. In the study area out of 106 respondents divided into two groups, one is low level of influencer and high level of influencer. For the purpose of the study 7 variables were selected. Although there are several methods are being used for collecting primary data, questionnaire and interview methods has been employed in this study.SECONDARY DATA Gender Age Educational Status Marital Status Occupation Living role Place of Shopping It was used mainly to support the primary data. thirdhand data was collected from sources such as through books, annual reports, significant, available literatures from organization duck No. 1 SUMMARY TABLE BETWEEN humbled INFLUENCER AND HIGH INFLUENCER GROUPS STEP 1. 2. VARIABLE ENTERED Gender Place of purchase WILKS LAMBDA 0. 955 0. 909 MINIMUM D2 SIGNIFICANCE 0. 222 0. 471 ** * *.Significant at 1% level, ** Significant at 5% level, TABLE No. 2. CANONICAL DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION CANONICAL CORRELATION 0. 302 WILKS LAMBDA 0. 909 The canonical correlation is 0. 302 when squared is 0. 091 that is 9. 1% of the variance in the discriminant group can be accounted for by this model, Wilks Lambda and chi-square value suggest that D. F. is significant at 1% level. The variables given above are CHISQUARE 9. 711 D. F.SIG 2 Significant at 1% level identified finally by the D. F. A. as the eligible discriminating variables. Based on the selected variables the corresponding D. F. coefficients are calculated. They are given in the following slacken. TABLE NO. 3 DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION COEFFICIENTS Namex International Journal of Management Research 33 Vol. 2, veer No. 2, July December 2012. A Study On Consumers Buying Habits Towards Health Food Drink Products In Salem District Tamilnadu Mr. P. Arun.VARIABLES COEFFICIENTS 1. 812 0. 777 4. 635 Gender Place of Purchase Constant The equation is Z = 4. 635+ 1. 812 (Gender) + 0. 777 (Place of purchase) The discriminating power or the contribution of each varia ble to the function can sufficiently. For this consider the following table. TABLE No. 4- RELATIVE DISCRIMINATING INDEX FACTORS Gender Place of Purchase GROUP 1 MEAN X1 1. 58 2. 90 GROUP2 MEAN X2 UNSTANDARDIZED DIC. COEFF. (kj) 1. 35 2. 55 1. 812 0. 777 Ij = ABS (Kj) MEAN (Xjo x ji) 1. 24 0. 29 1. 53 Total Rj = Ij / sum Ij j*100 81. 0 19. 0 100. 0 This reclassification is called predictor group membership.In short, the efficiency of the D. F. is how correctly it predicts the respondents into respective groups. TABLE NO. 5 miscellany RESULTS PREDICTED GROUP MEMBERSHIP ACTUAL GROUP No. OF CASES GROUP I Group 1 (Low Influencer) Group 2 (High Influencer) 20 (64. 5%) 31 (41. 9%) 31 74 GROUP II 11 (35. 5%) 43 (58. 1%) Percent of grouped cases correctly classified 60. 0%. The above table gives the results of the reclassification. The function, using the variables selected in the analysis classified 60. 0% of the cases correctly in the respective groups. low and high influencer. The foll owing factors significantlydiscriminate the two influencer groups. They are Gender (at 5% level) Place of purchase (at 1% level) Discriminate function analysis was apply to the respondents based on the TABLE NO. 6 demographic PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS (N=106) ITEM GENDER Male Female MARITAL STATUS Single Married NUMBER Namex International Journal of Management Research dowry 61 45 58. 00 42. 00 21 84 19. 88 79. 25 34 Vol. 2, Issue No. 2, July December 2012. A Study On Consumers Buying Habits Towards Health Food Drink Products In Salem District Tamilnadu Mr. P. Arun Widow EDUCATIONAL STATUS Elementary School High School ammonium alumPost Graduate Doctoral Degree OCCUPATION Professional Worker Business Retired Staff House Wife PLACE Salem Omalur Mecheri Mettur Dam Kolathur The Present study is think to consumers behaviour on health food drinks in Salem area. In the constituted sample size of 106 respondents it was found there were 61. 33% professionals, 04. 71% workers, 30. 18% bus inessmen, 0. 94% retired staff and 02. 83% house wife. The distributions of consumers were found to be from locations such as Salem, Omalur, Mecheri, Mettur Dam and Kolathur. From the above table it could be seen that 34. 91 % of consumers were from Kolathur, 31.33% of consumers were from Mettur 01 0. 94 09 12 23 55 04 08. 49 11. 33 21. 69 51. 89 03. 78 65 05 32 01 03 61. 33 04. 71 30. 18 0. 94 02. 83 25 01 10 33 37 23. 59 09. 44 09. 44 31. 33 34. 91 doctoral. With respect to the occupation of the respondents was concerned, 61. 33% were professional, 30. 18 were business person and remaining 6% were worker, retired staff and house wives. STATISTICAL TOOLS APPLIED The primary data collected through interview schedule from 106 respondents. The statistical tool applied is multi discriminant analyses were used for this study.FINDINGS Dam, 23. 59% of consumers were from Salem City, 9. 44% of consumers were from Mecheri and the remaining 0. 94% of consumers were from Omalur. The gender di stributions of consumers in the study, it is noted 58% of the respondents were male and the remaining 42% were female. As for as education qualification of the consumer was concerned, there were 51. 89% post graduate, 21. 69% graduate, 11. 33% high school level, 8. 49% elementary school level and the remaining 3. 78% Namex International Journal of Management Research The study shows the following findings. Its clearly shows that the below gender and place were significantly differedGender (at 5% level) Place of purchase (at 1% level) CONCLUSION The study clearly shows that demographic factors like gender, place 35 Vol. 2, Issue No. 2, July December 2012. A Study On Consumers Buying Habits Towards Health Food Drink Products In Salem District Tamilnadu Mr. P. Arun of purchase are largely influence the consumers while they purchase beverage products in the shops. Clanging consumerism is the biggest factor that plays a major role as for as consumers purchase behavior is concern. REFER ENCES Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, McDowell MA, Tabak CJ, Flegal KM. Prevalence Of Overweight.And fleshiness In The United States, 19992004. JAMA. 2006 295(13)15491555. PubMed The Surgeon globals Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity 2001. Rockville, MD Office of the Surgeon General, Public Health Service, US Dept of Health and gentle Services 2001. Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2005 293(15)18611867. PubMed. Mokdad AH, Marks JS, Stroup DF, Gerberding JL. Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000. JAMA. 2004 291(10)12381245. PubMed. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CI, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM.Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999 2002. JAMA. 2004 291(23)28472850. PubMed. National Initiative for Childrens healthcare Quality. Expert Committee recommendations on assessment, prevention, and treatment of ch ild and adolescent overweight and obesity 2007. Accessed January 27, 2008. http//www. amaassn. org/ama1/pub/upload/mm/43 3/ped_obesity_recs. pdf. Johnston FE. Health implications of childhood obesity. Ann Intern Med. 1985 103(6, pt 2)1068 1072. PubMed.Namex International Journal of Management Research Serdula MK, Iver D, Coates RJ, Freedman DS, Williamson DF, Byers T. Do Obese Children Become Obese Adults? A review of the literature. Prev Med. 1993 22(2)167177. PubMed. Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight And Obesity In The United States Prevalence And Trends, 1960 1994. Int. J. Obes. Relat Metab Disord. 1998 22(1)3947. PubMed. Sellers K, Russo T, Baker I, Dennison B. The Role Of Childcare Providers In The Prevention Of Childhood Overweight. J Early Child Res. 2005 3(3)227242. WEBSIGHTS www. yahoo. com. www. google. com. www. hul. co. in. 36 Vol. 2, Issue No. 2, July December 2012.

Media assignment Essay Example for Free

Media assignment EssayThe article Bad p atomic number 18nts? Expel kids has collar underlying psychological assumptions or issues. The first is that teachers are applying for new rules to anyow them to expel pupils who have badly behaved parentsHead teachersdemanded new laws to allow them to expel pupils whose parents are violent or shameful towards staffThe teachers are wanting to do this as they believe that if the parents show abusive behavior, their children will show similar behaviour as parents are seen as role models. This links with Bandura et als Bashing Bobo study, where they showed how childrens behaviour changes to how they see adults conduct themselves.Also in the article is the view that teaching boards should be able to do everything in their moguls to parents who neglect their childrenEducation authorities are failing to use their powerto tackle feckless parentsFeckless parents refer to those who let their children do whatever they want to. If the parents d o not make their children go to school then this will be seen as the right thing to do. This links to Skinner, a behaviourist, and his study of operant conditioning.The third psychological issue is when the general secretary of the national association of head teachers, David Hart, states that he believes that if a parent and school has a bad sexual congressship, then the schools should have no obligation to teach their children.If relations between a school and a particular parenthas broken down I really dont think we should educate their childrenHe believes that poor relationships between schools and parents will have bad effects on the pupils education. These poor relationships link to Tajfels study on insiders and outsiders.Bandura et als experiment on Bashing bobo provides the psychological test behind the first issue. They created a number of situations using groups of small children, different toys a large birdie (bobo) and a role model (an adult who demonstrated different behaviours). Bandura et al found that the children who were shown no violent behaviour by the model, towards bobo, showed none or wee violent behaviour.However, a large proportion of the children who were shown violent behaviour towards bobo acted in a violent way besides. This links to the article where teachers believe they should have the power to expel pupils whose parents are abusive towards teaching staff. This is because all parents are role models for their children. Therefore the children will see the behaviour of their parents and believe this to be the way to act.In 1938 a behaviourist called Skinner carried out a study on rats where he showed how the rats behaviour could be shaped until it learned what was required. This study supplies the psychological manifest behind the second assumption in the newspaper article. Skinner created a habitat for rats which included a lever in its cage. To start with if the rat got finale to the lever food would come out of a hatch.T his process progressed until the rats actually had to push the lever to receive the food. When this was learnt, the rat did not actually think consciously what it was doing, it just did it when it wanted food. This relates to the article as if these feckless parents persist in not making their children go to school then their behaviour will be shaped as they will view this behaviour to be correct. They will do this without even thinking about what they are doing or the consequences.The psychological evidence that lies behind the third issue raised is that of Tajfels study of insiders and outsiders. Tajfel carried out a study, in which there were 64 schoolboy subjects, into intergroup discrimination. He placed the boys into different groups, although the children did not have sex who else was in the group. He then asked them to assign money in certain ways. He found that the boys discriminated against the groups other than his own. This shows ethnocentrism, where we believe that the group we belong to is the norm and all other groups are not as good. This links to the article and the poor relations between teachers and parents. This could show that the parents believe they are better than the teachers as they are not part of their group.Therefore the teachers are discriminated against. This could go onto show that as the parents believe this so will their children, so they to will discriminate against the teachers.In relation to the first psychological assumption I would suggest that head teachers are given the right to expel pupils whose parents are abusive towards teachers. If these changes were made then the abusive parents may think more about the consequences of their behaviour. If their attitude did change then their children would perceive this as how to act, as parents are role models. Therefore the childrens attitude would in any case change. This change in rules for head teachers may act as operant conditioning, which links to the study on this by S kinner.A suggestion base on the second psychological issue would be to arrange behaviour modification sessions with the feckless parents. These sessions will tell them that they need to make their children go to school as they will be rewarded in the long run. This would be because their children may get better jobs and therefore the parents will be proud and may benefit financially. The moldable of the parents behaviour will then be seen by the children and their views towards school will also change. Also the parents may encourage their children to go to school, they will do this as they will both ultimately benefit.Based on the third issue within the article I would suggest that the parents whose relationships with schools have broken down should be sent a very formal letter inviting them in for a talk. During this talk they should be shown how difficult it is to teach pupils whose parents have no respect for them. They should be told that the pupils also believe that teachers d eserve no respect. If a normal relationship can be made then the students may look at this and also change their relationship with their teachers.ReferencesOliver, K (2000) Psychology and Everyday Life. Hodder and Stoughton.

Literature Review On Material Management Construction Essay

Literature Review On cloth Management Construction EssayNowadays, legion(predicate) contractors be doing investment to reflection project to earn their profits. Unfortunately, there are non in exclusively contractors able to earn the profit of the investment in spin projects. This is be set about approximately of the contractor does not proper heed the materials. For examples, a contractor over nightclub the material such as cementums, bricks and documentation, the follow depart join on and the profits will become low or deficit of the money. in that respectfore, a systematic material concern is in truth importance in wrench billet to avoid over ordering and receive low quality materials at the very(prenominal) time give the sack minimizing the salute and maximum the profitsConstruction materials can be consisting as a major cost for any construction project. This is because 50% or more of the total cost of the project is for purchasing the materials or even store the materials costs. Thus, efficiently material anxiety is very importance because it will cost a lot of money. Therefore, the contractor should consider the time to order the material when they motifs and the time pitching to the set. This is because if the material does not come at the schedule time will cause delay of the projects.In additions, a proper internet localise plan to stick the material is very importance for construction berth. For example, if the materials such as concrete batch plant putting also far from the build places, it will cause a lot of time for labours to bring the concrete to come outs. This will delay the time to complete. Therefore, difference material should lay at the suitable location. This will attention to increase the productiveness of the construction projects.Now, Almatad Sdn. Bhd is gondolarying out a housing project which is semi-detached houses and double storey terrace in Johor. The construction site layout has been prepa red which illustrates the layout equipment, building materials and access roads for the erection of the building. As a new site manager of the project, I noticed that more problems are carrying out by the plans and those problems will cause the projects to be delay or increase the cost of the projects. Thus, I take in to re-organize the layout of the site and improve the site jibely.2.0 Literature review on material managementAccording to Arnold, J. R. and Chapman (2004), materials management can define as an organizing function responsible for planning and requireling the materials proceed. This agent that the materials management is a planned procedure that involves from the initial purchasing, preservation, treatment and minimisation of waste of the material with the purpose to ensuring the quality, quantity and time of the requirement should meet consortly.Material management are the activities involved to plan, prevail, purchase, expedite, transport, store, and do it in order to achieve an efficient flow of materials and that the required materials are bought in the required quantities, time, quality and at an acceptable price. (Stukhart ,1995)2.1 Importance of material for a project.Most of the organization are having the same problem which is related to the managing the flow of the materials. Therefore, the efficient management of materials is the main traces issue to determine the success of a completion of a project. In addition, the control to the materials is subject to the difference company and should be handled strongly to complete the project. Building materials cost is the major cost for the project. The cost represented by materials changed and may include between 20 % and above of the total of the project.According to the Stukhart (1995) and Bernold and Treseler(1991) studies, the materials cost can be around of 50% to 60% of the total of project cost. Materials are very important in the operations of the construction site since unavailability of materials can snap off the construction work. In addition, unavailability of materials will affect the productivity and cause to the completion of the project.Other that unavailability of materials, the excessive quantities of materials could also create the serious problems to managers in the construction site. This is because depot of materials can increase the costs of the project. In addition, when there are limited lieus in the construction site, the managers have to find former(a) storage from other people to store the materials until they are needed. So it will require the re-handling of materials and the costs of the project. Some of the requirements must take to handle and store the materials properly when they are trustworthy. Thus, special attention should be given to materials after they purchased from the supplier.According to Damodara (1999), there is obvious that materials can suffer saving when it obtained at the lowest price to the company. In early construction industry, many construction companies experienced that the increase in costs and a decrease in productivity which due to inflation and frugal problems. From the research of Stukhart(1995) we can concluded that early construction industry were not using their resources efficiently and that the decrease in productivity is due to poor management in the construction site and materials.(Stukhart, 1995). Material management has been the main issue of concern in the construction industry. By the research of Baldwin t. al (1994) that is more that 40% of the time missed due to bad management in construction site, poor documentation of materials, miss of materials on site when needed and inadequate storage.Therefore, the need for a proper material management system becomes mandatory. Many companies increased their efficiency of materials management to remain the competitive and protected for their future project. They try to trim back their overheads cost and improved their productivity strategies. The saving cost and improvement can run accordingly by materials management. The material available on site and management system is the main point to success a construction project. go against materials management will help to increase the efficiency in the operation in construction site and reduce the overall cost from the total cost of the project. Top management such as project manager, site manager or architect should pay more effort to materials management. This is because available of the materials will affect the favored from their project. When the material is shortages, the high interest rates should pay, rising prices of the materials and competition with other companies.There is a developing attentiveness in the construction industry that material management ask to be authorized as an overall compound administration activity.2.2 Benefit of material managementAn legal material management system can bring many benefits for a company in c onstruction industry. From the study of Construction Industry Institute (CII) we can concluded that labor productivity could be improved more than 6% and can produce 4-6% additional savings from the total cost (Bernold and Treseler, 1991). Among these benefits areReducing the overall costs of materialsBetter handling of materialsReduction in duplicated ordersMaterials will be on site when needed and in the quantities requiredImprovements in labor productivityImprovements in project schedule case controlBetter field material controlBetter relations with suppliersReduce of materials surplusReduce storage of materials on siteLabor savings line reductionPurchase savingsBetter cash flow management2.3 On-site Material Management FunctionsChandler (1987) stated that, the function of site control of materials is to control their transports to the site in order to control the waste and ensure the material available on site in the justly time. He also added that, materials control responsib ilities can be separated into dickens areas of actions which isAction Prior to grade DeliveryThis may include the following actionsContinuous run across on order pending delivery or telephone call for division datesManaging the change in the rate of work movement and evaluate its impact or materialsDeliveries schedule to adjust delivery dates accordingly.Inform the supplier nearly delivery adjustmentsDiscuss and settle with the supplier to adapt to the agreed schedule.Follow up the quantities and specification changes of the materialsChasing a major project in a well-founded period of time before supply assurance.Action after Site DeliveryConcerned for materials receiving, checking and payment. These activities and actions put forward an important means for controlling the waste of material, and puddle the right supplier to eliminating the addition cost paid. However, whatever the actions of materials management is running, they need a cooperative involvement of both parties such as head index and the site functions that are primary controlled under the action of site managementMaterials Planning and expeditingMaterials receiving and inspection.Materials handling and distribution.Inventory and inventory controlMaterials handling and distributionQuality Assurance and Quality controlMaterial Surplus disposal2.4 Process of the material managementThere are few steps which can machine the material management to construction site which is planning, purchasing, logistics, handling, stock and waste control. Each process was state out its characteristic as important role for an effective materials management.PlanningMaterials planning include measuring, ordering and scheduling. It is emphasized that planning is a very important process to increase the productivity, profit, and assisting the time to complete the construction projects. The productivity of the construction project will be hanged if the material planning process is not implemented properly.Purcha singPurchase the materials and have the services from supplier to provoke the support of operations as the construction project from production to marketing, sales and logistics. For examples, a detailed material list and co-ordination of the purchasing and order of material are significant to assuring the material will available on construction site.LogisticsLogistics is a judgment that stresses movement of the materials and it involve planning, implementing, and controlling the movement and storage of all things from raw materials to the unblemished of the product to meet client requirements. During construction project, routing of the materials will affect the cost and time to complete the construction projects.HandlingHandling of materials is the flow of the materials to the component that provides for their movement and location. Due to the rate of handling materials, there are some quality needs to be in considerations when designing a materials handling system. The selecti on of the materials handling equipment is important to enhance the production process, provide the effective operation of manpower, increase production and advance the system to be more flexible.Stock and risky ControlStock control can categorize as a technique planned to be the cover and to ensure all materials or equipment are available when needed. Stock control include raw materials, processed materials, assembly components, consumable stores, general stores, maintenance materials and spares, work in progress and finished products. It is very important as the construction materials were delivery as requested and with the progression by the proper management of stock control. At the same time, construction activities will generate big amount of the waste and it will cause difficulty to the construction industry. However, with the planning of the material management which is effective will help to reduce the waste of material and increase the profit of the companies.2.5 Challengi ng of Materials ManagementThere are few categories that selected in Materials managementThe specification and measurement of the materialsWhere to set and thus procurements progression when the instruction of stock is done dealings by the supplierTransaction to site and inspection of the order as off-loading, and storing onsiteThe executive and monetary process of paymentThe usage of materials in production on the job site and waste remove production.Process of purchasing and supply of materials, the challenges often occurs when the materials is not equivalent as the ordering purchase, the skipped list out ordering materials, timing of materials arriving, quantities of materials, lack of training and adequate management, lack of Just In Time strategy, lack of communication and relation between contractor and supply chain companies are the main impediments.In construction site the challenging are obvious which are specifically asMiscarriage to order stock on time which postponement s the projectsMistaken time delivering which interrupts the work scheduleThe amount ordering more than the needsWrong materials or fault in track of materials leads double workScamp on materials from delivery into production mental image handling of materials because of inadequate material.The key to success of a construction management process is to be effective in construction. The main problems lead to ineffective are fault timing of materials received by the site or inadequate quality, improper information for materials arrival to the site stock, missing materials, unavailability of storage space, and waste of labour for materials searching on site.3.0 Comment and evaluate the existing site layout relation to the positioning of the material on the construction site spirit cover batching plantAccessDouble instaly TerraceSemi-detached housesTemporary RoadMaterialsScaffold storeTemporary buildingWaste materialsStore keepMaterialsStoreFigure 1 alert Site Layout3.1 Evaluation of Ex isting Site Layout (Figure 1)From the existing site layout plan, many material or place are located misemployly as below.Concrete batching plant is putting too far with the material which is cement and aggregate. It normally must put near to the build place because concrete batching plant is for immix the cement and aggregate to form the concrete. Therefore, if store it at a distance from site, it will take time to transfer the mix concrete to the building places.Waste material should not located at behind of the evanescent building. This is because the temporary building used for project manager and others consultant to have meeting or discussion session and to make decision. If the waste materials located behind of it, the sound or odour will disturb the individual which is inside the temporary building.Store should have a check point to have record through the transferable of the materials and instrument of the store. Without the check point, the instrument will easy to be los t and hard to search for the needed. With the check point, it will be easier for the employee to have checking record of the material or instrument. Therefore, the contractor could survive up some portable cost as when the needs to rebuy the new instrument or materials which are lost founded through the record in the statement.Entrance to the site or offices was too dogged as when the truck originates during working hours it will disturbs the labour performance as in their works.Security of the site does not be consider in the site plan, this mean the stolen easy to be happen without any security at the siteEach store does not name it accordingly. So when the worker need find some instrument will take times.4.0 Identify possible problem that may face by site manager relating the materials management on the siteThere are many problem faces by site manager relating to the materials management on the site which isLimited space and costThere are limited spaces allowed on construction site for the location of the materials or store. In addition, budget for build the store and materials places is limited. Therefore, Site manager need to solve the problem according their experiences.Late or early delivery the material on siteMaterials does not delivery in right time will cause problem to site manager. If the materials delivery early, site manager need to format a place for put the materials. In another way, if late delivery materials to site, it will cause delay of the work as plan by site manager.Delivery wrong materials, wrong quality and wrong quantityIf the materials delivery on site without any checked by site manager, when the materials is needs to be used only satisfy that the materials in the situation of wrong materials wrong quality and also wrong quantity, it will cause delay of the work and increase the cost of the projects.Theft or spoil when the material is needed.When the materials does not put or keep accordingly, it will cause theft or materials s poils happen. Therefore, the site manager needs to take extra cost to purchase the new materials or instruments.Waste material increaseWhen the materials does not keeping in the safety place, the materials will be spoils then increase the waste materials. As example when the cement just located at site without any cover, when rain the cement will spoils.Poor site layoutWhen the site layout does not plan accordingly, it will cause many trouble to the site manager and workers. For examples, the concrete batching plant located far from the site, it will take time for worker transfer the concrete to the site so it may cause delay of work as time table.5.0 Proposed new site layout to improve the existing site layoutWaste materialsReinforcementTimberJoint shopTemporary RoadAggregateStoreConcrete batching plantDouble Storey TerraceSemi-detached housesSecurityCheckAccess elevator carParkTemporary buildingCheckPointMaterialsMaterialsScaffold storeInstrumentStoreSafety Equipment StoreFigure 2 New Site Layout5.1 Suggested Improved Layout (Figure 2)As a site manager, I will suggest the new site layout as shows in Figure 2 which is have some changes of the position from existing site layout plan and addition new locations, which isConcrete batching plant moves to the site and will have a temporary aggregate storage to put cement and aggregate. This will help to increase the work daily because the labour no need to move the concrete from far to the site. At the same time, when have the rain, the cement can just located at the aggregate stored without scared the cement will be damage.All storage should name according to the type of thing they put, therefore it wont be mixed up with other materials and easy to find out the equipment or instrument when needs. The storage from new site layout all already named accordingly such as aggregate storage, instrument storage and safety equipment storage. Aggregate storage is just for temporary for putting the cement, piles and aggregat e. Instrument storage is for putting machine and instrument. Safety equipment storage is for putting some safety equipment such as signboard, helmet, safe boots and others.Reinforcement and timber can be located together besides of the joint shop. Therefore, the labour can easy take out timber and reinforcement to do the joint without carry from far places. It helps to save time and increase the daily work. asset a car park for parking. Therefore, the labour can park their car in safety places without any extra fee and will perform will when work because no need scare the summons when parking outside.Addition a security check in the main entrance. It is necessary to have a proper guard in the entrance to keep track of all visitors to the project. Therefore, the safety of the internal site and the materials will be protected.Addition a check point as the guard for material, instrument, safety equipment and scaffold. The main duty of the check point is received and checks the material s according to quality and quantity which order by the site managers. In addition, it also helps to record and distribute the materials or instrument according to the needs of the site.6.0 Suggestion/recommendation that will give strong impact on the material management process in the future based on the case studyThe suggestion that will give strong impact on the material management process is the top management of contracting companies should advertize their development using materials management systems in their construction project. They can make some reward for their employee to attend training courses of construction materials management. So they can save more effort and time to achieve more exact results.Besides, the site manager should arrange the waste materials accordingly by recycles and without recycles. For examples, some waste materials from reinforcement can recycle. Therefore the site manager should correct it at a place and sell the recycle factory. This method can help site manager to cover back some cost even is less but at the same time will decrease the waste materials from construction.In additions, concept of Just In Time (JIT) should apply in materials management. The JIT idea originates from the manufacturing sector. It helps to smoother the manufacture process through the efficient management of materials such as providing the right materials with right quantities and quality, just in time for production in manufacturing sector. By applying the concept of JIT, it can help to improve the movement of materials from the suppliers to the construction site. With the JIT management system, the materials peradventure delivered to site according schedule or just the day before.Health and safety should be provides according to the health and safety handbook. Even it is costly to provide that safety equipment but it is very importance to the worker determined their safety. So that when they are working, the accident can be secured accordingly . In addition a successful construction project is having the cipher accident in construction site. So the health and safety is very important in construction site.The temporary facilities should provide accordingly to the project. The project manager should select the temporary facilities some as offices, canteen, and rest room for worker and other. It should estimate the size according to the site space and the needed of the people. In addition, a proper management of temporary facilities will increase the productivity in construction site.7.0 ConclusionIn conclusion, material management is the main key for success a construction project. This is because the cost of materials is represented more than 60% or above cost from the total cost of project. Therefore, with the effective management of the materials, the company can save more than 6% or above of the cost from a project. Therefore, the materials management method must apply in construction site to guide the materials. With the proper arrangement of the materials will help contractor minimum the cost and maximum their profits.Besides, the proper site plan is very important to the construction site. The location of the materials, storage and other temporary facilities should located according the efficient of the construction work. This will help the employee complete their work as schedule by the site manager without any addition of unnecessary work. When the productivity is high, the project cans completion of the time given by the client or early from the completion date.In addition, the top management should give their employee attending the course regarding materials management. This will helps them arrange the materials accordingly to increase their future project and arrange the site layout according to the needs of construction project.Health and safety also is a part of importance in construction site to provide zero accident. It should follow according to hand book of health and safety. This i s because the construction site is the risky site, when the health and safety can be determined on site the worker will feel secured and confident to perform their work as well as possible.Successful management of construction resources has to be based on updated information and processed utilizing a well-designed construction resources management system.

Aristotles Theory of the Ideal State

Aristotles Theory of the Ideal StateARISTOTLE AND HIS IDEAL terra firma (384 BC 322 BC)NAME SHAMIKA S. TAMHANEAristotle is angiotensin-converting enzyme such unique philosopher, who has made contri furtherions to innumerable palm like that of physics, biology, mathematics, metaphysics, medicines, theatre, dance and of course politics. Aristotle is known as Father of Political Science. Polis is city- utter in Greek. From this, he coined term Politics. He is unitary of the virtually celebrated political thinkers as he was the front philosopher who detached philosophy from political science and carved prohibited the latter as an independent discipline. He introduced a systematic study of politics and averd that politics may be devoid of ethics.Aristotle was born in 384 BC in the Greek townsfolk of Stagira. His father, Nicomachus was a physician in the court of Macedonia. Both his p atomic number 18nts be known to begin died when Aristotle was young. At the age of 17, Aristo tles sisters husband, who was his guardian, sent him to capital of Greece for higher education in Platos academy. Aristotle proved to be an exemplary scholar and was a close disciple of Plato. Plato died in 347 BC. However, despite being peerless of the closest disciples of Plato, Aristotle did non become the head of the academy as he had some major differences with respect to Platos theory. Aristotle stayed in the academy for about 2 decades. After a few years of Platos death, he left Athens and returned to Macedonia in 338 BC. There he taught Alexander the Great and the Macedonia court rewarded him generously for his services. In 335 BC, Alexander succeeded his father, Phillip II and conquered Athens. Aristotle withal returned to Athens and started his own academy called the Lyceum. Aristotle spent almost of his time writing, researching and teaching at his academy. In 323 BC, Alexander died and the populate of Athens revolted against the Macedonian rule. Being Alexanders te acher and having had connections with the ruling family of Macedonia, posed a threat to his life in Athens where anti-Macedonian sentiment was at its peak. In order to save himself from prosecution, Aristotle left Athens and went to Chalcis on the island of Euboea. Aristotle breathed his last there in 322 BC.Aristotle experienced a lot of ups and downs in the political spectrum throughout his life like the fall of S charactera, the rise as well as the fall of Alexander the Great etc. All these happenings somewhat him pay affected him and it burn down be reflected in all his writingsINTRODUCTIONPOPULATION AND TERRITORYAs said in the introduction the kickoff material or ingredient to form a perfect or an ideal state is population. The legislator has the business leader to determine the number and forefront of reference of citizens and thus, the size and character of the country. fit to Aristotle, Most persons think that a state in order to be happy ought to be large but even if they ar salutary, they bugger off no idea what is a large and what a small state. For they judge of the size of the city by the number of the inhabitants whereas they ought to regard not their number, but their power. (1) Hence, Aristotle was distinctly of the opinion that the quality of the state which constitute the state matters, rather than their quantity. Thus, more than the physical size of the population, its character is important. Aristotle unlessifies this by giving the example of Hippocrates who was a bang-up physician that he was great because of the quality of the work he did and is definitely greater than a man who is just physically taller than him. Also, even if we are to image the greatness of a state by the number of inhabitants, not everybody batch be included in it, like the slaves and foreigners. Only the members of the state are to be included who form an essential part of it. A very populated state cannot be well governed, as it is difficult to mai ntain law and order. According to Aristotle , there is a limit to the size of the state just as there is a limit to the size of some other things like plants and animals as if whatever of these are too small or large, they either completely lose their nature or get spoiled. Here he cites an example of a ship. A ship, if only a span long, cannot be a ship at all and the one which is a quarter mile long will however be a ship, but will be bad for sailing. Similarly, if a state is too small, it wont be self-sufficient but if it is too big it would be incapable of having a government that is constitutional. Also, in an over-populated state, it is difficult to identify foreigners who may institute advantage of this situation and try and acquire the rights of the citizens. Hence, understandably the largest population should be the one which suffices for the purposes of life.The territory of the state should be all-producing, so that the state has all things to be in need of nothing, w hich is called sufficiency. It should enable the residents to live liberally so that they can enjoy leisure. The country should be suitable for receiving fruits and timber and in like manner other products. The city should be determined in regard both to sea and land, so that it is protected on both the sides. Also, import and export can be facilitated through water transport.Aristotle has a very distinct bearing of describing the character of the large number of various parts of the world. According to him, people who live in regions with cold climate and in Europe are hard-working but pretermit intelligence and skill. This is the reason they have the opportunity to enjoy freedom but they have no political organization. On the other hand, the natives of Asia are intelligent but they lack spirit, hence they are always under some foreign rule and are constantly subjugated. However, according to Aristotle, the best is the Hellenic race which is situated between the ii regions and has the best of both the regions, i.e. the spirit of the Europeans and the intelligence of the Asians. So this race is free from any foreign rule and is also well-governed.Aristotle states certain other things which an ideal state must have, such as food, arts, arms etc. It should have a grave amount of revenue so that it can take care of its internal needs as well as protect itself from any external aggression. The state should also take care of the religion of the people so that they can practice their respective religion fearlessly. The last and the most important thing is that the authority in the state must have the power to decide what is good and in favor of the public. All these above mentioned things are necessarily to be come throughd for by the state administration as the state is not a mere aggregate of people but their union, who have come together to fulfill a common purpose of well-being. If any one of the above listed things is lacking in any particular state, then a state cannot be called absolutely self-sufficient. Then it is necessary to frame the structure of the state in such a manner that all the above functions are fulfilled. For example, a state should have farmers to produce food, artists and artisans to promote art, soldiers to protect the boundaries of the state, the priests to carry out religious practices etc. Thus, it can be observed that Aristotle does not undermine the reference of any person in formation of an ideal state and specifies the role that each citizen can play, for the sake of good life.Aristotle also states the ideal location of the state. In order to ensure good health of its citizens, a state should lie towards the east. States which are covered by the north wind have milder winter which is again, healthier. Hence, the state should be located such that it favors convenient administration as well, in situations of war. There should be abundant springs and fountains in the state and if there is a scarcity of the same, there should be reservoirs which can store water and provide for its citizens in a state of crisis. Aristotle lays great emphasis on providing pure water to the citizens of the state. According to him, of the five elements of nature, the ones which are responsible to keep a person healthy are water and air. He says that the written text of houses in the city should be irregular in some parts of the city, because if all the houses are laid systematically in a straight line and in a particular pattern, it would be easy for strangers to find their way through every part of the town, which should not be the case. Hence, some parts should be systematic opus some irregular and thus a balance between security and beauty of the state should be well maintained.HOUSEHOLDS, PROPERTY AND SLAVERY IN THE IDEAL STATEAccording to Aristotle, family is the most important and the primary social unit of the society. It is the first institution of society which trains a child in citizenship . Aristotle connects citizenship to a household because it teaches a person division of labor (economic, social and others) and gives him a sense of spirit of his responsibility towards his family as well as towards the society and the state. A family gives an individual, training for a civilized life. The household takes care of the basic requirements of an individual be it materialistic, social, aroused or physical need of the person. Thus, a man who lives in a well-managed household has a sense of fulfillment and content will contribute to the good of the society and in turn, the state. Family, thus, is essential for the moral growth and development of an individual.A state is made up of many households and thus it is important for Aristotle, to study the arrangement of a household in an ideal state. A household is incomplete without slaves, opines Aristotle. There are three relations in a family which are important, that are, that of a husband and wife, the relation of a fathe r and children and thirdly, that of master and slave. The man, husband and the father, rules over both his wife and children respectively, although the manner differs. The man is fitter by nature than the cleaning woman hence, the inequality in this relationship neer ceases to exist. However, the father rules over his children in a royal and not in a constitutional manner as he does over his wife. With his children, there is a relation of both love and respect. With respect to the third relation, i.e. of master and slave, Aristotle says, The master is only the master of the slave he does not belong to him, whereas the slave is not only the slave of his master, but wholly belongs to him. (2). Thus, a slave by nature is a possession of his master, in spite of being a human being. Slaves are a part of property of the individual. Aristotle attaches a lot of important to possession of property because according to him, without property, one cannot cultivate values and virtues such as g enerosity, hospitality, giving alms to the poor and the needy, etc. Property is essential to have a good household. Private property is a source of pleasure as mostly men love money. It is an integral aspect of social economy. Lastly, he opines that possession of private property by individuals is in favor of the state as when people own property they would not be worried for their subsistence and thus, can actively participate in the political routine of the state. When there would be slaves in the house, the master will have a lot of leisure time and according to Aristotle, he who has leisure time can be involved in the formation of an ideal state. He says, those who are in a position which places them above toil have stewards who attend to their households, while they occupy themselves with philosophy or with politics. (3) Slavery is justified by Aristotle on two grounds. Firstly, on natural grounds he says that some people are born without any faculties. However, they have the physical ability to work. This cannot be blamed on human beings as nature has created some people with lesser cordial abilities. It is nature which has created men unequal. Nature has unalikeiated in the bodies of masters and slaves, making one physically strong and the other, although physically weak, but suitable for political life. He says, slaves have no virtues as they do not own property and hence they are not fit to be citizens of the state. Thus, according to Aristotle, some people are born to be slaves. He compares slaves to tamed animals and says that both cater to their needs with the help of their bodies. Secondly, as said before, slaves are an essential instrument of a household. They symbolize prosperity of a particular family.Thus, Aristotle concludes by saying, Thus it is clear that household management attends more to men than to the acquisition of inanimate things, and to human excellence more than to the excellence of property which we call wealth, and to the v irtue of freemen more than to the virtue of slaves. (4) He says that slave lacks any sort of deliberative faculty, a woman does have some but she has no authority and also the child has, but its not mature enough to harness them.CITIZENSHIP IN THE IDEAL STATEThe criteria for citizenship in different forms of governments vary according to their nature. For example, a person who can be a citizen in a democratic setup may not be eligible to be a citizen of an oligarchy. However, here, it is better to consider and talk about the citizens of a democratic state, because this is the system in which citizens are acknowledged the most than in any other system of governance.According to Aristotle, the citizenship of a person of a particular state is not determined by his mere residence in that state, because a slave or a foreigner too are residents of the same state, but this does not give them the right of citizenship, for there are other criteria to determine the same. Also, the legal stat us of a person cannot be the criterion because even a foreigner can acquire a right to sue a resident of that state or can be sued by a resident, merely under some provisions of a treaty. Hence, just being under the jurisdiction of any particular state, according to Aristotle, cannot make one a citizen of that state. A person who is exiled from the state will cease to be a citizen of the state. A person, who has the authority to participate in the judicial administration of the state, is termed as a citizen of that state. He should be able to take part in the process of administration of justice and legislation as a member of the deliberative assembly which can enable him to be a citizen. Hence, it can be observed that all those people who are permitted to take part in the political process of that state, for example, casting a vote or contesting elections, and all those who are eligible to be the members of the executive or the legislative branch of the government can be termed as citizens. With respect to who ought to be citizens, Aristotle opines that all those who are trained and are capable of becoming either the ruler or the ruled, ought to be citizens. Further, he says that all those people who have property and leisure can be citizens as a person devoid of possession of any property, does not need any security from the state. Thus he would not be provoke in the affairs of the state, so he would not bother to work for the betterment of the state. Also, a person who does not have property lacks experience in management skills as he is not accustomed to managing any kind of property. Such a person, according to Aristotle, cannot be expected to actively participate in the political affairs of the state and thus, in turn cannot manage the state.However, despite all these criteria, practically a citizen is one whose both parents have been citizens. Some say, two or more ancestors. This is the shortest and the most practical definition, but some raise an ob jection to this questioning, how their ancestors became citizens. But it can be said, if their ancestors participated in the governmental process, that had to be citizens. It is also difficult to determine those who become citizens after a revolution. Here, the doubt is not about who is a citizen, but it is about who ought to be a citizen. As it was mentioned previously, a citizen of a particular government might not be eligible to be a citizen of some other form of government.It is said that the one who has never learned to obey, can never be a good commander. Both are different, but a good citizen should have the capacity of both-he should be assured of governing like a free man and should know obedience like a free man. These are virtues of a good citizen.The next point in citizenship of ideal state is that whether a good man and a good citizen are the same. This is explained by Aristotle by citing the example of a sailor. Sailors perform different functions like those of rowers , pilots, look-out men etc. Because they all have different functions, their virtues too differ. However, they all are described by one common definition, because they all have the same goal of safety in navigation. Aristotle compares sailors to citizens. Just like the former, citizens too differ from one another, but salvation of the community (5) is their common aspiration. In numerous forms of governments, no exclusive virtue is a perfect virtue of a good citizen. But it is assumed that good man is one with a single perfect virtue. Thus, a good man may not necessarily be a good citizen and vice versa.The next point in citizenship is that can mechanics be termed as citizens. Aristotle admits that not all those who are necessary for the functioning of the ideal state can be deemed as citizens of that state. For example, children cannot be termed as citizens of the state even though they are an integral part of the state as they do not participate in any political process. chthoni c some governments, mechanics and laborers will not be citizens while under other, they might be included. Aristotle opines that the best form of government will not sham mechanics, laborers who he names as servants of the community, as they do not hold virtues of good citizens.

The Battle Of Algiers Film Review Film Studies Essay

The conflict Of Algiers Film Review Film Studies EssayA contract is a piece of art that aims to entertain as swell educate. It is a popular kind of entertainwork forcet that is created by a certain culture, and may affect other one. There are various genres of films, with each having its accept aim and characteristic. For instance, historical movies (films) are designed to tell about history, comedy ones are to amuse and incrust laughter and so on. Films are always pregnant with meanings and messages that the audience has to depict piece of music enjoying the scenes and following the course of the story. The Battle of Algiers is a worldwide famous film that was banned by France because of the ideas and reality it transmits to the world about the guerilla war that took place in Algeria and led to the destruction of a whole population while seeking their freedom. The film describes the events from two different points of view and aims to convey a lesson at the end.CreditsThe Bat tle of Algiers is a war film which is a frolic of the events that happened in the capital city of Algeria between 1954 and 1962 during the Algerian War of Independence. The film won the Golden Lion Award from the Venice International Film Festival in 1966, the International Film Critics Award also in 1966, and the United Nations Award from the British Academy of Film and Television in 1971. It was directed by Gillo Pontecorvo who was a member of the Italian Communist Party at the time and was implicitly on the boldness of the independence movement. He was nominated as Best managing director for the movie in 1966 from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science. The film was inspired by Souvenirs de la Bataille dAlger which Saadi Yacef, who was a attracter of the FLN (Front de Liberation National), wrote in prison. The screenplay, which was written by Gillo Pontecorvo and Franco Solinas and was nominated as Best Original Screenplay in 1966 from the Academy of Motion Picture A rts and Science, describes the sufferings of both sides the Algerians and the French both civilians and military.The movie was film in black-and-white and the casting took place in the actual locations of the struggle which made the scenes appear as if they were recorded the time they were happening and not a recreation of a bloody war which ended a long history of colonization in Algeria. To stress his neutrality vis--vis the two parts of the struggle, Pontecorvo well-tried to create parallels between the scenes of both French and Algerian people being assassinated and killed by using the same tragic music. However, he made a difference between the French and Algerian approaches to the war by using different sounds to symbolize each groups approach the sound of gunfire, helicopters and truck engines for the French, and the bomb blasts, ululation, cry and chanting for the Algerians.Pontecorvo uses non-professional actors for the movie, maybe because he wants the events and the scr eenplay to be sought for their importance and not unaccompanied for the sake of the famous actors refer. So, he chose Brahim Haggiag, an Algerian, to play the role of Ali la Pointe. His adversary, Colonel Mathieu, was acted by Jean Martin, the only professional in the film, who was an actor, mainly acting in theater (in Waiting for Godot), and have been member of the French paratroopers in Indochina. Besides, Saadi Yacef, the former FLN leader, play the role of Jaafar, another FLN leader.PlotThe film is shot in flashback and it is sh feature as the memories of Ali la Pointe (played by Brahim Haggiag) who was a leading member of the FLN. The film opens with scene in which the French paratroopers arrests Ali and he starts remembering the events that occurred 3 years earlier when he joined the FLN. The film describes the atrocities from which the French and the Algerians suffered. It traces the granting immunity of the Algerians (mainly the FLN members) to free their country from th e colonizers as well as the French measures taken to stop them and remain in Algeria. When Alis memories are over, he and the other remaining FLN members are killed. However, the elimination of the FLN does not stop the resistance but rather turns it to a nationwide one asking for an independent Algeria which is finally achieved in 1962 with the Declaration of the Independence of Algeria.CharactersThe main actors of the movie are the persons who were involved in the real-life experience, which made the film appear like a documentary rather than a recreation of events. Saadi Yacef, who was a leader of the FLN and was put in put behind bars by the French, acted in the movie as an FLN leader also under the name of Jaffari. The bombing in the cafs and French agencies or the assassination of either French or Algerians are in fact a recreation of what Yacef lived. so far when he was arrested by the French in the Casbah, he is acting his own arrest.The other member of the FLN is Ali la Pointe which was played by Brahim Haggiag. Ali was a thief who was arrested and put in prison where he witnessed the executions of Algerians. Once he was released, he became a member of the FLN but he was first tested to make sure that he was not a spy (he was asked to kill a French policeman). Even if Brahim Haggiag was not, in reality, an FLN leader he lived at the time of the struggle for liberation and witnessed, and may have participated as an Algerian, in the resistance against colonialism. He can be seen as the representative of all Algerian young people who were ready to sacrifice themselves to ensure their peoples freedom.The third major character of this film is Colonel Mathieu, played by Jean Martin. He represents the efficiency and seriousness of the French military. He came from France to ensure stability in Algeria when the FLN members became threatening the French existence in Algeria. He is very(prenominal) influential and follows strategic method of fighting the e nemy instead of just spontaneous violence. He has a strong personality and can at any time change the course of events once he feels that its not in his benefit. For example, when an FLN a leader is captured and a press conference is held, he stops the parley as soon as he feels that the enemys words started to influence the audience. Besides, when answering a journalists question, he said openly that if they want France to stay in Algeria, they must(prenominal) accept the consequences.Other important characters in this film are women. Unlike what is usually known, that war is reserved for men, the battle of Algiers involved both men and women who fought side by side to reach their goal. Women serve as a secret bunker for weapons and guns as they are the only ones who are exempt from inspection, and hence, they can rock them in their bags. A most striking scene in the movie is when three FLN women drop their veils and assume a French look to be equal to enter a French caf, nigh club and travel agency to plant explosives and create an alert situation among the French. So, women were a vital part of the FLN and fought with men to ensure freedom.One last character to mention is Omar, the small boy whose duty was mainly to transmit letters and serve as a messenger between the FLN members and which represents the Algerian children who participated in the resistance and who proved to be older than their ages. Thus, the Algerian society, with all its components, was mobilized against the common enemy which was the French colonialism.ConclusionIn the Battle of Algiers, Pontecorvo shows the inevitability of violence. In other words, every part wants to be the winner and hence tries to be the last one to inflict the other an execution of an FLN leader led to the assassination of many French policemen, which led to the French bombing the Casbah which led to the FLN women bombing the French sites (cafs and offices).The film clarifies history and tells us that we keep repeating the same mistakes over and over even today. This film is pregnant of messages. On the on hand, it tells us that violence can lead only to violence and not peace. On the other hand, it gives a moral lesson to the countries which try to interfere in other countries internal affairs and try to impose their own will. They will be losers no matters how long they manage to stay there.The Battle of Algiers is a film which is worth seeing since it tells us history as well as moral lessons on how we should respect others properties as well as struggle to preserve ones own belonging.

Muse or Method? :: Personal Narrative Teaching Education Essays

Muse or Method?My eyes cast a casual glance towards the clock crosswise the room as I sit back down at my desk. With caffeine reinforcements at hand, namely the signature red, white, and blue can of Diet Pepsi I just pulled from the fridge, I quickly put away the mound of books that has grown since I came in the room at 400.After making a hasty mental check to reassure myself I am prepared for the next day of class, I review my lesson plans one last time, sit back, relax, and hypothesise just exactly how I plan to go about grading the thirty essays tucked away neatly in my folder. Despite the methods classes and all of the early(a) education courses I had taken at college, I felt ill-prepared for what lie ahead. Whats worse than writing a paper, I asked myself, alone to answer quite obviously, tearing down one.I must admit that it took me quite a while to realize why this concept was such a difficult one for me. Not only was I working with a group of thirty creative progeny mind s, I was also working with a group of rather insecure young minds, especially when it came to writing. How could I effectively evaluate each individual paper and constructively provide advice without dictating what I expected my papers to contain?Still, this was only farewell of the difficulty. The other is something I am just starting to understand now. In trying to formulate a basis from which I could evaluate these student papers, I was also struggling to unsurface the components of successful writing. Unbeknownst to me, I was wrestling with the same ideas that we have been discussing in class during the last couple of weeks.Interestingly enough, I order that my approach toward the subject was similar to our approach as a class. How did I begin? I started by determining which elements of writing I considered to be the roughly important and basic creativity and technique.Through the centuries, many writers have attributed their success to the adoring eye and gracious blessings of the muses. The nine muses, the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne, were recognized as the Goddesses of learning. As a result of their titles, these muses were often credited with spontaneously generating a frenzy of creativity within a writer which resulted in a monumental gash of literature. Although reference and credit to the muses is not often made within contemporary literature, the idea remains.

The Death of Innocence in The Catcher in the Rye Essay -- Catcher Rye

Holden identifies with, yearns for, and despises traits of the adult and child realms. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, terrors becoming an adult who exhibits the characteristics that he holds complaints against. Throughout this Bildungsroman narrative, Holden searches for his identity. He tries to figure out his place either in the adult or child realm. Holden possesses a conclave of upkeep and hatred for phonies. Holden uses this term to describe a wide range of people including shallow, superficial, fake, untruthful, or hypocritical individuals. One of the biggest reasons I left Elkton Hills was because I was encircled by phonies... They were coming in the goddam window. By saying, They were coming in the goddam window, Holden implies his fear. Phonies scare him because they surround him there is a hint of Anthropophobia and Claustrophobia. Anthropophobia is an anxiety disoblige characterized by an abnorma l, irrational, and intense fear or dread of human companionship. Anthropophobia comes from the Greek word anthropo meaning human and the Greek word phobos meaning fear . Claustrophobia, an abnormal fear of being in narrow or enclosed spaces Latin claustrum, enclosed place see cloister + -phobia.. Holdens case of claustrophobia deals more with phonies encircling him and cutting off an escape. Holdens fear stems from the idea that their influences may turn him into a phony. Holden hates phonies because of the insincerity in their actions and speech (about Ossenburger)... That killed me.. He finds their fakeness annoying and criticizes the ladder from a very cynical order of view. Holden lists people whom... ...ne makes when maturing into an adult. Holden wants to protect children from falling into adulthood and catch them before its too late. Many adolescents share the same complaints with the adult world as Holden. But those complaints ride out in the untainted field of the rye as each individual must let go of them and plummet to their corruption, leaving all innocence behind. Sources Consulted Bloom, Harold. study Literary Characters Holden Caulfield. New York Chelsea House, 1990. Pinsker, Sanford. The Catcher In The Rye Innocence Under Pressure. New York Twayne Publishers, 1993. Salinger, J.D. The Catcher In The Rye. Boston Little, Brown and Company, 1951. Wildermuth, April. Nonconformism in the Works of J.D. Salinger. 1997 Brighton extravagantly School. 24 November 2002.